What Does Cyclo Mean in Organic Chemistry?

What Does Cyclo Mean in Organic Chemistry?Organic chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of the compounds in nature. What does cyclo mean in organic chemistry? This is a common question for most new students and it can be confusing if you don't know what exactly cyclo means.The cycle is actually the first letter of the word organic chemistry. It stands for the cyclic elements or the cyclic molecules.The cyclic molecules are different compounds, but their formation is also very similar to the formation of different compounds. A particular cyclic molecule can be made of one cyclic element or two cyclic elements. The cyclic elements are the same elements as the cyclic molecules.However, the fact that there are many cyclic elements and molecules is not the only factor that makes this science so interesting. There are also a lot of different chemical properties that each of these different compounds have. These properties make the cyclic elements and molecules react in different ways.Every reaction in nature is based on one or more cyclic molecules. Every reaction that we observe in nature has one or more cyclic molecules as its source. This has made organic chemistry very interesting because all of the reactions we have seen in nature can be explained with the help of these cyclic molecules.However, there are still some things about organic chemistry that scientists do not fully understand. One thing that remains unknown is how specific cyclic molecules react in certain situations. How do they react with other molecules?One common idea that scientists have is that cyclic molecules can link up and form chains which form molecules. A cyclic molecule that can form a chain is called a peptide.Another idea is that different sequences of chemical reaction can happen. For example, there could be a cyclic molecule and another molecule with a long sequence of chemical reaction. If you get a cyclic molecule with a long sequence of chemical reaction then y ou would be able to determine whether that particular chemical reaction will occur or not.

Donald Trump Americas President That Desperately Needs to Be Impeached

Donald Trump America's President That Desperately Needs to Be Impeached Image via IndiaToday.com When is Donald Trump going to get impeached? That is a question that millions of Americans have asked on numerous occasions since Trump has been in office. His campaign slogan was “Make America Great Again” but in my opinion, he has done the complete opposite. Trump has shown on a plethora of occasions that he is 100 percent against people who don’t look, act, nor think as he does. How many more times is Trump going to be allowed to spew hatred and division of Americans in his speeches before Congress decides it’s time to vote him out? Since being in office, he has created more problems than he has solved any. His primary focuses have all been geared towards abolishing every legislation former President Barack Obama put in place. Trump has unequivocally proven he should not be the leader of the free world. He tremendously lacks the necessary intelligence to run our great nation. We could literally be on the brink of war at any given moment because of his idiocrasy towards North Korea. He uses his Twitter daily to slander people and to talk about how “unfairly” he’s been treated by the media which also shows he has a great deal of “free time” on his hands than any prior president of the United States has ever had. It’s completely mind-blowing when you think of all things that Trump has done to regress America instead of progress America. From his failed Muslim travel ban, his failed forced attempt to end Obamacare that would have left over 20 million people without health insurance (Congress is still trying to “revise” Obamacare for the “better”), his defending of the white supremacist march that took place in Charlottesville, VA, and just recently, his calling NFL players that take the knee during the National Anthem “sons of bitches.” Anyone who tries to justify the antics and the actions of Donald Trump is indeed part of the problem, not part of the solution. Supporters of him are basically saying that it is okay to openly be a racist, it is okay to publicly degrade and berate other ethnicities outside of your own, it is okay to want division amongst others who you deem “less” than yourself, and it is okay to act and speak like a fool because the saying knowledge is power is just a cliche. Donald Trump must be impeached if America does indeed want to be great. He is not for all people; he is against all people that aren’t white and that he feels doesn’t “deserve” to even be in America. He is a constant threat to everything America is and everything that makes America beautiful. If you ask me, he is America’s biggest clown and he must go!   Image via Pixabay.com

Get a Job Teaching in China With a Chinese Tutor

Get a Job Teaching in China With a Chinese TutorDid you know that the Chinese are learning English as a second language and this is leading to the growth of a teacher based overseas or in the West, leading to an increase in demand for teachers in the country? If you have an interest in teaching Mandarin, you may be interested in finding out how to get yourself a Chinese tutor Singapore.The number of people in the country who learn Mandarin is increasing every year and it's certainly not slowing down. This means that there are more job opportunities for people who are fluent in Mandarin. This is really good news for people who want to teach.Teaching in the UK may not be as attractive as it once was due to the recession. As the UK has become more internationally minded, there are more employers who want qualified employees who can provide services in English. For those wanting to teach a language other than their own it is good to know that you can find a job doing something that you l ike. In this case, it is the ESL in the UK.This is a group of students from all over the world who learn English as a second language and they often move to teach in the UK. There are several different jobs available for this group but some jobs may be more interesting and easier to get involved with than others.One of the more exciting jobs that you could find is as a private tutor or perhaps as a co-teacher with someone already in the UK. This will allow you to take on an assignment at your own pace and in your own time.It is a great experience to have a teaching position on your CV and if you are looking for something more interesting, there are many opportunities in the city. These are usually offering very competitive salaries and a more professional work environment.Do you want to become a teacher with a strong teaching background in English, Mandarin, Spanish, French or any other language? You can go on the internet and find job vacancies advertised by ESL school in the UK or New Zealand. You can also join the EFL or ECE (Education and Communications) professional associations and network with other people interested in the subject.

An Overview of the UC Davis Chemistry Major

An Overview of the UC Davis Chemistry MajorWhen you are thinking about choosing a major in college, there are some things that you need to know about the programs offered by the University of California Davis. As with most colleges, you will have to decide on what type of major you want to pursue. You can choose from a variety of options which include: business, computer science, engineering, education, humanities, math, nursing, psychology, Spanish, and more.When you first start looking into the courses offered at the University of California Davis, you may find that your course choice is very narrow. However, this does not mean that you will not have an enjoyable experience in your college experience. There are many different majors available and you may end up being one of the only ones attending UC Davis for the particular degree you want. You will also have many opportunities to interact with other students in your major. The more you understand about the campus and the school t he better it will be to make the decision.One of the best choices for you is to start a chemistry major or any other major at UC Davis. You can also choose to take a degree program in a degree level which will help you enhance your career options while in college.If you want to major in a particular field, UC Davis has many programs that will suit your needs. One of the fields that is very popular at UC Davis is biomedical engineering. You can find careers in research and development, medical technology, and many other related fields.Another area of focus at UC Davis is the science and technology. This encompasses several different areas such as life sciences, computer sciences, applied sciences, health sciences, energy, and physics. This is a great way to get involved in a lot of different kinds of subjects and many other careers that are available to you.These are just a few of the opportunities that you will have when you decide to major in the University of California Davis. You will also have a wonderful and exciting college experience in one of the best cities in the United States. The university offers an education system which has students working together to meet the challenges of today and tomorrow.Some of the areas that are often covered in these colleges are computer science, business, engineering, education, and information systems. These degrees are perfect for someone who wants to work with technology. There are also some programs offered in business and management that will provide you with a solid foundation for future success.

Un, Le, Ce, or De French Articles Explained

Un, Le, Ce, or De French Articles Explained Megan L. As an English speaker learning  French, articles are little words that can still give you big problems. Since French nouns are masculine, feminine, and plural and have different articles to distinguish them, you will need to memorize at least two French articles for each English one. To help you master French articles, weve broken them down into groups for you to study. Basics The first thing you need to learn are the English articles so that you can get a better understanding of what to use in French. There are really only two English articles: The â€" definite article A/An â€" indefinite article French articles (like most languages outside of Germanic ones) use other words as articles, and even allow you to omit articles from time to time. The following are considered French articles, although their function is largely the same as in English. Because you have to be aware of the gender of a noun, you have to treat these words the save as an article. Some Partitive article This Finally, there are special cases where you either need to use an article where you wouldn’t in English or you can omit an articles where you use an article in English. Article additions and omissions Definite Articles â€" Le, La, and Les (The in French) Probably the most widely used English article is the. You use it all the time without having to think about it because there is only one word in English. It is called a definitive article because the word the denotes something that is specific, such as the chair, the stores, or the moment. Each of these refers to a specific thing or group of things. There are four definite French articles that mean the, and those are the le articles. Each of the definite articles has a specific meaning. Le â€" the masculine definite article. Whenever you see a word preceded by the French article le, that means that the noun is masculine, so if you want to switch to one of the other French articles, you would use the masculine version of the article. La â€" the feminine definite article. All singular feminine nouns are preceded by la. L’ â€" the definite article when the noun starts with a vowel. Les â€" the plural definite article. All plural nouns, regardless of gender, receive the same article, les, to indicate that it is plural. If you have to add the plural indicator (such as s or es) you add les before it. It is a little more difficult to understand the differences if you are a native English speaker because there is no equivalent. English does not have gendered nouns and the language does not differentiate between singular and plural when using the definite article the. This is perhaps why it is most difficult to translate what you know into French with the right use, and it takes a lot of memorization. However, once you memorize the gender of a noun, you can more easily use all of the other French articles. For example, you would say le fils for the son and la fille for the daughter. You would use the corresponding masculine or feminine article for a/an, of, or this. The definite article l’ is similar to the English indefinite article an for the same reason. Saying a apple is difficult, but if you add the letter n it is easier. Both of the French articles for the (la and le) end with vowel sounds that are difficult to flow into another vowel sound, such as enfant (child). The trick is to remember that the French language needs this for their definite articles, not their indefinite articles (the next section). Plural nouns are a little easier because you do not consider gender. Whenever you have a plural noun, you always use les to indicate that you are using the plural form of the word. There is more to know about plurals and les because the French use definite articles at times when English speakers and omit them other times where you would usually omit them. These are covered in the last section. Indefinite Articles â€" Un, Une, and Des (A in French) Indefinite articles are used when you are referring to anything that you would consider generic, such as a chair or an apple. When you say you want an apple, you don’t have a specific one in mind. If you have washed an apple and left it on the counter, you would say you want the apple on the counter instead of one of the apples in the basket or refrigerator. The French have an equivalent version for the indefinite article based on the nouns gender and if it is plural. This means there are three articles to learn. Un â€" the masculine version of the English article a. Une â€" the feminine version of the English article a. Des â€" the plural version, although there is no English equivalent. This one is covered in more depth later in this section. Using un and une is pretty much memorization of each noun gender. For example, Once you learn a nouns gender, it is a simple matter of using un and une correctly. If you read the information on des, you may have been trying to think of a correlation in English and found yourself confused. That’s because as a native English speaker, you do not think of using indefinite articles with plural nouns. You know not to say a chairs or an apples. In English the indefinite article is always singular. The French language has a different set of rules, and so have a corresponding article, which means that it really doesn’t have a direct translation (because English does not use this article with plurals). Of all the French articles, this one is probably among the most difficult because you will naturally try to do a direct translation, which means you will exclude the required des. Partitive Articles â€" De, De La, De L’, and Des (Some in French) Another word that does not have an exact translation, it essentially functions like  to the English word some. It is used whenever you talk about something that can be divided into smaller parts, such as bread or juice. I would like some bread. I would like a glass of juice. The other use for these words is to specify that you do not know the quantity. For example, most of the time you would not each an entire pie, but you probably don’t know example how much. You would say you ate some pie. If you know the amount or are talking about something generic, you would use the or a/an just like English. Otherwise, you would select one of these four partitive articles. De â€" the masculine article for some. De la â€" the feminine article for some. De l’ â€" the article for some when the noun starts with a vowel. Des â€" the article for some for all plural nouns. Note that this is used when the number is not specified. If you have a specific number, you would say the quantity instead of some, such as I ate nine rolls instead of I ate some rolls. Happily, they follow the same rules as the definite articles in terms of use, so once you know how to use the properly, you can more easily discuss portions. Ce, Ceci, Cela, and Ça (This in French) Technically, this is a pronoun, but because it is so closely tied with the article you used in the previous sentence, it is best to discuss it at the same time. The English article this is a rough equivalent for these four pronouns. Do not equate these four articles with gender though because their use is not gender based. Ce â€" roughly English this or it. Primarily you would use this with verb être (to be) or an impersonal expression. When used, in a sentence, it becomes c’est. C’est une bonne idée. â€" That’s a good idea. C’est difficile à faire. â€" It’s hard to do. As the examples show, you can think of it as a contraction with être, just like English uses the contractions that’s and it’s. Ceci and cela â€" the articles are used with all other verbs for the same purpose. Ceci is used in place of this and cela is use in place of that. Whenever the verb être does not appear, you use one of these two articles. You use ceci to indicate something that is close by (this pie or this color). You use cela to indicate something that is further away (that house or that chair). Determine which of the two you would say, then you can do a straight translation for both of these. Ceci peut nous aider. â€" This could help us. Cela me fait plaisir. â€" That makes me happy Je ne veux pas cela, je veux ceci. â€" I don’t want that, I want this. Ça â€" the article used for informal this or that. Unlike the others, it is informal, so you would avoid it in any professional realm or public speaking. Keep in mind that while these look like they would follow the same rules as the articles, the use is completely different. It is perhaps the most closely aligned with their English counterparts, it will take you some time to get accustomed to using them. Omitting and Adding Articles One of the biggest problems with articles is that most languages are not consistent about how they are used. There are a number of instances where you should add the article where you wouldn’t in English. Most nouns require an article. At first it will feel awkward to say  j’aime la glace because its direct translation is I like the ice cream. Similarly, Je n’ai pas mangé beaucoup de tarte mean  I ate a lot of pie. The most difficult will be the use of articles before plural nouns, whether you are using the French articles that are equivalent to a/an or the. Where in English you would say Horses were running in the field, the direct translation from French is The horses were running in the field. Then you have a few cases where you omit the article, and these largely require memorization. Some set expressions do not include articles, and these you must memorize one by one. Articles are not used when specifying what a person’s job is. When you use de (indicating an unspecified number of something, such as many or lots of) you would not use an article afterward. Articles are always difficult to learn in any other western language. It takes time, work, and a considerable amount of memorization, particularly from a non-gendered language like English. It is best to take it slow and learn them one at a time. Because there is some overlap, once you are comfortable  with one set of French articles, you will have an easier time getting accustomed to the others. That is also why you need to really dedicate time to learning whether a noun is masculine or feminine. Do you have any tips for using French articles correctly? Share them in the comments below! Interested in Private Lessons? 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Top 5 Italian Books for Learning Grammar and Vocabulary

Top 5 Italian Books for Learning Grammar and Vocabulary Sign up successful These Italian books will not only help you better understand the language, but they will also provide hours of fun and challenging grammar and vocabulary drills. Below are the top five Italian books for beginners and beyond. 1. Practice Makes Perfect: Complete Italian Grammar (2008) Amazon Review: 4.4 out of 5 stars Estimated Price: $13.00 (new) $3.00 (used) Practice Makes Perfect: Complete Italian Grammar is a comprehensive book that makes Italian grammar rules simple and easy to understand. While it lacks an expansive vocabulary section, it is an incredibly useful guide to grammar, which includes realistic examples and clear explanations. Worksheets included after each chapter allow you to practice what you’ve reviewed at your own pace. While a vocabulary book or dictionary will be needed to truly utilize this book to the fullest, it is one of the more comprehensive grammar books on the market, specifically geared toward beginners. 2. Italian: A Self-Teaching Guide,  2nd  Edition (2000) Amazon Review: 4.4 out of 5 stars Estimated Price: $15.00 (new) $2.00 (used) If you’re more of an independent learner than this book is perfect for you. Author  Edoardo  Lebano  delicately walks you through the process of learning Italian, from basic vocabulary to grammar. While the book can seem a bit redundant at times, the lessons are short and easy to understand. Unlike most other books, Italian: A Self-Teaching Guide provides mini-dialogues from real-life situations, which will teach you how to hold everyday conversations, such as ordering at an Italian restaurant or asking for directions, with Italian natives. 3. Italian Grammar (Barrons Grammar Series) (2012) Amazon Review: 5 out of 5 stars Estimated Price: $6.99 (new) $1.99 (used) From the makers of test prep books comes the book titled, Italian Grammar. Inside this book you will find all of the basics you need to get started on your journey toward Italian fluency including parts of speech, sentence structure, punctuation, and more. One of the special things about this book is that it’s printed in two colors to highlight critical study points and help students find important information quickly and easily. While the book does lack more in-depth concepts, it is a great option for language beginners. 4. Mastering Italian Vocabulary: A Thematic Approach (2001) Amazon Review: 4.6 out of 5 stars Estimated Price: $89.00 (new) $36.00 (used) Mastering Italian Vocabulary: A Thematic Approach stands out in a crowd of Italian vocabulary books for a few reasons. First and foremost, this book contains over 5,000 Italian words and phrases that are commonly used, including some slang. Secondly, it presents the Italian language in a thematic structure. Vocabulary words are divided by theme (for example, business terms, medical terms, and household terms) instead of alphabetically. The thematic approach makes it easier for students to discover words based on their interests and needs. While a bit more expensive than a traditional vocabulary book, the structure makes it well worth the extra money. 5. Essential Italian Grammar (1963) Amazon Review: 4.5 out of 5 stars Estimated Price: $6.95 (new) $2.00 (used) An oldie but a goodie, Essential Italian Grammar is one of the most comprehensive beginner books on the market. Inside the book, which is available in both paperback and e-book, you will find a series of easy to understand grammar and vocabulary lessons. What’s great about this book is that it was designed for adults who don’t have a lot of time to learn Italian, but still wish to acquire basic Italian grammar and vocabulary skills. This book can easily take a new learner through the beginning stages, and may still be used as a reference when moving into more complex, intermediate grammar concepts. Reading Italian books is a great way to supplement your Italian lessons. Browse through the reviews of  each of these  books to find one that best suits your needs and learning structure or ask your Italian instructor which one he or she prefers. Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher

Drum books Get Help Learn to Play Drums

Drum books Get Help Learn to Play Drums The Best Drum Books For Learning to Play Drums ChaptersFor the Youngest Drum PlayersThe Best Drum Books for Absolute BeginnersAs You Progress in Your Lessons...Books For the Accomplished DrummerEach and every one of us owe a heavy debt of gratitude to Johannes Gutenberg, inventor of the printing press.His machine and the perfection thereof ushered in the Age of Enlightenment and, going further, made the possibility of learning available to everyone.Yes, our topic is the best books for learning to drum... just bear along for a moment!Surely, there might have been another means to permit the proliferation of information â€" the Chinese system of woodblock printing might have been the standard, for example.Especially as it predates the Gutenberg press by about 1,200 years!Nevertheless, the explosion of knowledge in the western hemisphere started with a German blacksmith whose formula for type pieces alloy proved so durable it is still used today.As Gutenberg ushered in the Age of Enlightenment, so the Internet brought us the Informa tion Age!Are you looking for online resources to help you learn drums?With such a wealth of books available, covering any topic imaginable, available to anyone who wants to learn anything...Naturally, we just had to go on the hunt!Now, Superprof delivers our best picks of books for learning the drums quickly and well.You may also check around the Internet for drum lessons London: find out if they know about that book.The Best Drum Books for Absolute BeginnersWhile toddlers are, as a rule, quite happy banging on things and generally making a lot of noise, the average prospective drum player tends to be a bit older and actually able to read.So, it should come as no surprise that there exists a bevvy of books for beginners at percussion.We’d like to highlight two selections.The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Playing DrumsWithin these pages, you will find everything you need to know about playing the drums, from holding the sticks correctly to using them for maximum percussion.In fact, t his book will take you from elemental knowledge concerning drums: their history and purpose, evolution... all the way to selecting the drum kit that is right for you.One oft-overlooked part of drum lessons is proper drum maintenance and tuning, which is covered in this all-inclusive instruction manual.Being as it fundamentally concerns itself with playing drums, you will also learn all about syncopation, basic beats, backbeats and how to read drum music.This book is suitable for beginners all the way to intermediate drummers, and for those who’ve not played for a while.You can find it new on Amazon for £21.95 used copies available for as low as £0.01A word on the author:Michael Miller was born partially deaf and diagnosed with Tourette’s Syndrome at five years old. He was nevertheless possessed of an overwhelming desire to perform. His parents indulged his passion, taking him to live concerts at every opportunity.Through multiple surgeries, dedication and hard work, he achieve d sufficient recognition as a drummer to earn him a place in the prestigious Berklee College of Music in the U.S.Join the discussion: what is the best age for learning to play the drums?Once you get a bit more advanced in your drumming, you may seek out other players to learn with Source: Pixabay Credit: SkeezeDrumopedia: a Handbook for Beginning DrumsetThis book may as well be called ‘Funopedia’ for all the joy beginner players get â€" both from the casual phraseology and from the tips and instruction they find between those covers.Drumopedia has been named  one of the 5 best beginner drum books by Take Lessons.com, America’s largest online marketplace for lessons.This instructional manual is intended for absolute beginners of drumming. Once the learner masters fundamentals, s/he can move on to more difficult drumming exercises.Loaded with pictures, graphs and amusing anecdotes, this tome is nevertheless dedicated to ensuring continued learning, by suggesting further titles t hat build on the skills already mastered.You could order this book from Amazon for £11.42.A note about the author:Dan Britt has enjoyed a successful career as a drummer and, thanks to his exquisite stick control, won prizes at one of the world’s top drum events.You might catch a video of that performance on YouTube!Today, thanks to his innovative teaching manual â€" as well as his prowess behind the drums, he is hailed in the music business as one of the most forward-thinking drummers and most sought-after teachers.As You Progress in Your Lessons...Hopefully, you have a dedication to learn the drums well and demonstrate it by practising every day.Surely you are making the most of your lessons with your drum teacher and perhaps have even invested in a practice pad so that you can paradiddle at home without driving everyone crazy.Still, you may wonder how long it takes to learn how to play the drums.You should think of learning to play the drums in the same way as learning your mot her tongue: a lifetime effort.Imagine Phil Collins saying there are no new drum beats to be created!Ponder that for a moment, while we uncover the next recommended book to add to your drumming library...The Drummer’s Complete Vocabulary as taught by Alan DawsonIf you are looking to move beyond the basics in drumming, this volume is a must-have!The first few chapters touch on fundamental beats and technique, but it moves fairly quickly into drum rudiments, expanding beyond the basic 40 to include hybrid rudiments, complete with commentary of their origins.Why is this book written by Alan Dawson’s student? And who was Alan Dawson?The latter question is easy to answer: he was one of the foremost names in jazz drumming who  spent his last years teaching the next generation of drummers everything he knew.His pupil â€" and the author of this book, John Ramsay is a drummer in his own right, having played with the likes of Winton Marsalis and James Moody. He is currently a percussion te acher at the aforementioned Berklee College of Music.So influential were his mentor’s teachings that he felt compelled to compile them in Mr Dawson’s name, rather than attributing that wealth of drum instruction to himself.That must have been a memorable instructor indeed!You may find this book on Amazon for £18.87 new and £11.69 used.Contrary to most tutorials' implication, drums seldom play alone Source: Pixabay Credit: Nadine_EmTwice we’ve mentioned a fabled school of music. Now, here is its contribution to our list:Berklee Practice Method: Drum SetRemarkably, nearly every book that addresses learning how to play the drums seems to espouse the belief that percussion instruments are played in a vacuum.This text, meant for the intermediate to advanced player, actually makes the case for drummers; specifically that they are meant to set the rhythm for all of the other musicians, be it a rock band or a big band!A word on the author:Ron Savage is an educator and master jazz dr ummer who, after years of playing in clubs and at festivals, compiled his wisdom and experience on the drums into an incomparable tutorial for the intermediate to advanced drummer.You may catch his drum solos on YouTube!His book is available on Amazon for around £20, with used copies selling for as low as £6.Can you play drum fills? Have you ever played a drum solo?If so, you must surely need a book meant for more advanced drum playing...Books For the Accomplished DrummerOnce you’ve found your groove and can consistently hit the hi hat instead of the China cymbal, you may be interested in learning to play along to different styles of music, from swing to Latin percussion.If that is indeed the case, The Drummer’s Bible: How to Play Every Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco is the book you’re looking for.This volume’s highlights include:notationreading drum sheet musican introduction to several drumming stylesaural examples provided by the complimentary CDAs with the other books , this one is available at Amazon, for £21.35 new or as low as £9.50 used.You might also check out The Junior Drummer’s Bible by John Trotter, which sells for just over £20, should you have a youngster who wants to join you on the drums!By no means is this list all-inclusive, but it is a great start and should fit in nicely with your drum lessons.Also check out this handy FAQ about playing drums...For more great selections, why not take a look at these timeless drum books?Don't they make you glad that Gutenberg met with such success?

What Does SAT Stand For

What Does SAT Stand For Over its 90 years in existence, the SATs meaning has changed in a number of meaningful ways. Perhaps you have wondered, What does SAT stand for? Originally, SAT stood for Scholastic Aptitude Test, and it was designed as an assessment that evaluated a given students college-specific skills. In 1993, the College Board renamed the SAT to stand for Scholastic Assessment Test, to better reflect the fact that it does not measure innate intelligencein fact, the name change came about to correct the impression among some people that the SAT measures something that is innate and impervious to change regardless of effort and instruction. The exam has also been known as the SAT I: Reasoning Test, the SAT Reasoning Test, and, now, simply as the SAT. Timeline of Major SAT Changes 1926 Scholastic Aptitude Test first administered 1993 Scholastic Assessment Test name change 1997 SAT name change (SAT does not stand for anything) 2005 SAT scoring changed to a 2400 scale 2016 SAT scoring changed to a 1600 scale When high school students across the country and around the world sit down to take the SAT this year, they will face an exam quite unlike the one their classmates took in the past, and this can makepreparing for SAT test daythat much more difficult. Why? For the first time in 11 years, the SAT has been revised, and the result is a new SAT that is vastly different from its famous predecessor. According to the College Board, the organization that administers the SAT, among the testsofficial changesare its challenging evidence-based reading sections and its more difficult, multi-step math problems. The origins of what theSAT stands for With so many changes, what does SAT stand for today? To learn more about the SATs present meaning, it is helpful to first delve into its past. What follows is a summary of the SATs history, described in Secrets of the SAT, a 1999 PBS publication, and in a 2003 College Board report titled, A Historical Perspective on the Content of the SAT. After the United States entered World War I in 1917, an American psychologist named Robert Yerkes developed a test that was designed to assess the intelligence of his countrys new Army recruits. Scores on the Army Alpha, as his IQ test came to be called, would help decide a soldiers ability to serve, which jobs he would take, and his potential for leadership positions. It measured the verbal ability, numerical ability, ability to follow directions, and knowledge of information, according to the U.S. Army. Carl Brigham, a Princeton University instructor, helped Yerkes develop and administer the test. Once the war ended, Brigham modified the Army Alpha to evaluate the intelligence of college freshmen at Princeton University and applicants to The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City. The College Board (which was founded in 1900) then tasked Brigham with developing a college entrance exam to screen high school students who were applying to other colleges. The result of Brighams work was the Scholastic Aptitude Test, which was administered on June 23, 1926, to more than 8,000 high school students at about 300 test centers. The 1926 SAT was very different from the current exam. It was made up of nine subtests that measured students verbal and mathematical skills with a total of 315 questions, which students were expected to speed through in 97 minutes. According to the College Board, students were not expected to complete the entire exam. To help ease students struggles with this timeframe, several subtests were removed and the time limit was increased, in 1928 and 1929. Critics of the 1926 SAT worried that the exam could harm education practices. As a response, in 1930, the SAT was divided into two sectionsone measuring students verbal abilities and the other measuring their mathematical skills. These two scores would be reported separately, letting colleges admissions departments place different weights on students scores as a reflection of their college type and curriculum. From 1930 to 1935, the Verbal portion of the SAT included only antonyms, sentence completion, and reading passages. From 1936 to 1946, it included these kinds of questions, plus analogies. Time limits varied from 80 to 115 minutes for the Verbal part of the test, based on what year the SAT was taken in. At this time, the Mathematical section was made up of 100 free-response questions, which students had to solve in 80 minutes. Questions were straightforward, and designed so that students could answer the greatest number of questions in the least amount of time. In an attempt to diversify the Harvard University student body, Harvard President James Bryant Conant began a new scholarship program in 1933 for academically gifted male high school students who did not attend East Coast boarding schools. He assigned his assistant dean, Henry Chauncey, the job of finding a suitable test to evaluate the gifted students for scholarships. Chauncey recommended the SAT, which Conant liked because he felt it was a good measure of the boys pure intelligence and did not reflect where each student attended high school. Chauncey recommended that all member schools of the College Board begin using the SAT as a standardized admissions exam for scholarship applicants. By 1942, all applicants to College Board member colleges were required to take the SAT. This test incorporated multiple-choice questions, followed by five options, into the math portion of the exam for the first time. It was the SAT in this form that Chauncey administered to more than 300,000 people across the country on the same day, under a contract from the U.S. Army and Navy. Given the success of the SAT in evaluating the intelligence of both military recruits and students, in 1948, the Educational Testing Service (or ETS) was founded to help administer the College Boards exam to high school students nationwide. It was then that the SATs purpose began to more closely represent that which it holds today: a standardized measure of high school students college readiness. The SAT expands nationally Small changes to the SAT would follow as the exam grew in popularity. By the 1950s, a significant percentage of the Verbal test focused on reading passages, each of which ranged from 120 to 500 words in length. Students were required to answer common-sense questions about the content of the passages. Time limits were tight, with students required to answer between 107 and 170 questions in 90 to 100 minutes. Gradually, the College Board increased time limits and curbed question counts. From 1958 to 1993, SAT creators made few changes to the Verbal part of the test. Yet several alterations were made to the Math portion, which incorporated a new question type that tested students abilities to evaluate whether or not the provided data was sufficient to answer each question. These were later replaced with questions that asked students to compare two mathematical quantities. This was done after studies revealed that students, especially those who had taken less complex high school math courses, could answer quantitative-comparison questions more quickly and reliably than data sufficiency questions. But in 1994, both the Verbal and Math sections underwent drastic overhauls. On the Verbal test, more emphasis was placed on critical reading and reasoning skills, reading material was made more accessible and engaging, and the length of passages was lengthenedso that text more closely resembled that which students would likely have to read in college courses. This greater emphasis on critical reading, SAT creators hoped, would help the SAT stand for positive change, influencing the educational establishment to better prepare students for college and beyond. The 1994 SAT changes helped the College Board more closely align its test content with a 1990 recommendation of the Commission on New Possibilities for the Admissions Testing Program to approximate more closely the skills used in college and high school work. Antonyms were removed from the test, based on the premise that they encouraged rote memorization instead of critical thinking. Additionally, in an effort to influence schools curriculum to include more reading, the College Board increased the percentage of passage-based reading questions from 29 percent to 50 percent. This increased the testing time limit and reduced the number of questions. For the first time on the Math subtest, test-takers were required to arrive at their own solutions to questions, rather than select from a set of answer choices. Students were also permitted to use calculators on the Math section. These changes were made to better align the mathematics portion of the SAT with high school students curriculum. A major influence in these changes was the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), as well as similar organizations, that suggested that more attention should be given to problem-solving in the realm of mathematics. Recent changes to the SAT In 2005, the Verbal Reasoning and Math portions of the SAT underwent another major redesign. This time, changes were made to ensure the SAT would better align with mainstream American high school curriculum, and to highlight the importance of college readiness. A new Writing section with multiple-choice questions and an essay was added. Analogies were removed from the Verbal Reasoning portion (now referred to as Critical Reading), and more passage-based questions were added. The Math section incorporated content from more advanced high school math courses, such as second-year algebra, while quantitative comparisons were eliminated. The latest iteration of the SAT again works to more closely align the exam with what high school students are currently learning, and with what they can expect to learn in college. [RELATED: 4 Most Challenging Questions on the New SAT] Despite the College Boards efforts to design a more equitable test that is better suited to todays high school students, critics say the new exams emphasis on words may make it more challenging for students with less reading experience or those who speak a different language at home. In addition, some students are worried that the new changes may affect what an average SAT score is, and thus, college admissions chances. This, The New York Times has reported, has left a number of students considering whether they should try their hand at the new SAT or sit for the more familiar ACT. The College Board, however, asserts that the new changes will not drastically alter students outcomes. We are very mindful of the verbal load on this test, Cyndie Schmeiser, the Chief of Assessment at the College Board, told The New York Times. We are keeping it down. I think kids are going to find it comfortable and familiar. Everything about the test is publicly available. There are no mysteries. In all, somemajor changes are coming to the March 2016 SAT. The redesigned SAT will feature: more practical math questions (though they are not necessarily easier) a no-calculator math section a long reading section more applicable vocabulary a shorter overall test an optional essay [RELATED: 4 Tricks to Learn Vocab for the New SAT] Furthermore, students will no longer be penalized for wrong answers, meaning that, unlike previous versions of the SAT, guessing incorrectly will not result in a points deduction. This may lead students to ask themselves, How is the new SAT scored? The new SAT will be scored on a scale of 1600, the same scale on which the exam was scored until 2005, when the scoring changed to a scale of 2400. A shift in the testing landscape Most colleges and universities allow students to choose between the ACT or the SAT (or to sit for both). Geographically, students in the Midwest tend to opt for the ACT, while students on the East and West coasts prefer the SAT. Despite this distribution, more students ultimately take the ACT. [RELATED: What is an Average ACT Score?] After surpassing the SAT in popularity in 2012, the ACT continues to dominate as the standardized college entrance exam of choice in the United States. This is partly because the ACT was quick to align its content with the Common Core State Standards Initiative (CCSS). The Common Core State Standards, or CCSS, were released in 2010. They are designed to prepare high school students for college or employment after graduation, and they are focused on comprehension, critical thinking, and research, rather than rote memorization. To date, 42 states and the District of Columbia have adopted the CCSS. The ACTs emphasis on the CCSS, and its connection to classroom curriculum, can make the ACT seem like a natural choice for many students. This years changes to the SAT presumably partially reflect the SATs desire to regain its position as the dominant college entrance exam. The changes also reflect other developments now occurring in the high school testing landscapewith most states implementing the CCSS, some individuals have discussed the possibility of replacing students final exams with a test already taken by many people, such as the ACT or SAT. [RELATED: 3 Skills Tested on the New 2016 SAT] As of January 2016, the U.S. Department of Education has given seven states permission to use either the ACT or the SAT as an official high school assessment. This approval is part of a provision in the Every Student Succeeds Act. But states must conduct studies on the efficacy of the ACT and SAT as general high school assessment exams in order to use them, according to Education Week. Four states won approval to use the SATColorado, Connecticut, Maine, and New Hampshireand three states have approval to use the ACTArkansas, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The ACT is now discussing its exam with 10 other states that are interested in using it as a federal high school assessment. For the College Board, such a change in high school testing policies could conceivably augment its exam numbers. But just as states are becoming more enthusiastic about the ACT and SAT, higher education appears to be doing the opposite: since 2004, more than 140 U.S. colleges have declared themselves test-optional. This list of 140+ institutions includes schools like Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut; Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina; George Washington University in Washington, D.C.; and, most recently, the University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware. In total, there are more than 850 colleges across America that have deemphasized the importance of standardized college entrance exams when making admissions decisions. One school, Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts, even refuses to consider submitted test scores. Of course, just because certain colleges are placing less importance on standardized college entrance exams does not mean that few students are taking the ACT or SAT. Millions of high school students continue to register for these tests each year. This is likely due to the fact that some colleges still require at least one of these exams as part of a college application. [RELATED: Trends in College Admissions] It may also be the result of increased admissions competition, especially at the countrys most selective schools. Because nearly all test-optional colleges still accept exam scores, many students take the ACT and/or the SAT in an attempt to improve their admissions chances. So, what does SAT stand for? Ultimately, what does SAT stand for? Today, the College Boards goal is to gauge high school students understanding of their curriculum and their readiness for college. Still, some studies have highlighted the belief that high school grades may be better predictors of college success than ACT or SAT scores. No test can truly measure aptitude for academic success because school performance is not based on a single factor, Bob Schaeffer, Public Education Director of the National Center for Fair Open Testing (FairTest), told The Washington Post. Math and verbal skillsthe qualities measured by tests such as the SAT, GMAT and LSATare just one component. Non-cognitive traits, such as creativity, motivation and grit, also play significant roles. High school grades are a more accurate predictor of college outcomes than any test because grades better capture the many characteristics that improve the chances of graduation. [RELATED: How to Motivate a High School Student] Indeed, this 2014 study found almost no difference in the cumulative GPA and graduation rates between students who submitted standardized test scores to colleges and those who did not. Despite such criticism and research, despite pressing competition from the ACT, and despite the fact that some colleges no longer require students to take standardized entrance exams, it seems that the SAT is here to stay. Those students who are planning to take the revised 2016 test (and all exams thereafter) should familiarize themselves with the new format and work through SAT practice tests, available on both the College Boards website and in the free Varsity Tutors SAT Prep Book. Any topics you want to know more about? Let us know! The Varsity Tutors Blog editors love hearing your feedback and opinions. Feel free to email us atblog@varsitytutors.com.

Food Groups Protein

Food Groups Protein What is Protein? ChaptersProtein StructureHow Much Protein Do We Need?Foods High in ProteinHigh Protein MealsProtein is the one nutrient that we all know our bodies need  (one of three macronutrients) and we all have our own ideas about the best sources of protein, where it originates and why we need it. Most of us also know that we need it to not only help our bodies repair themselves but as a way to make them stronger.In the last 15 years, we have been led to believe that by having higher portions of protein throughout the day (usually meat) in the place of our daily intake of carbs, our bodies are much healthier. Yet, despite the confusion centred on dietary advice, we also know that balance is usually key, so why have we been sold this idea and are high protein diets really good for us?To answer these questions, let us look briefly at what protein is, why we need it, and where the best sources actually come from.Ultimately, a protein is an organic substance made up of a mixture of essential amino acids, compounds and carbon, with a sprinkle of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. It sometimes contains sulphur.There are twenty different amino acids that produce a protein but the body only produces nine of them. Therefore, our intake of protein through food is highly important and probably the reason why it has become the most debated and discussed nutrient in our diets, fad or otherwise.It is important to follow protein requirements because this means our bodies have an accurate absorption rate, helping to maintain a healthy metabolism and body weight.Get nutritionist courses here.How Much Protein Do We Need?The recommended daily amount is different for men and women as the general calorie intake is higher for men. The average woman needs around 46 grams of protein per day and a man needs 56 grams per day.The amount of protein we need, of course, depends on our body type and the amount of activity we do each day. Athletes and gym enthusiasts, for example, might need a slightly hig her, daily intake than those of us who are more sedentary. However, generally speaking, the daily intake will suffice.So, what is all this protein for?We tend to know that protein helps to build and repair tissue but it is less known that protein is used throughout the body in a multitude of different ways. Protein, therefore, provides essential nutrients.For example, did you know that our nails and hair is practically all protein? Or, that we need protein to make hormones? There are plenty more examples of how our bodies need and use protein but, ultimately, it is a nutrient our bodies struggle to function without. Protein is the building block for our muscles, bones, cartilage, blood and skin.However, too much protein and not enough carbohydrates (which many modern diets advocate) may, in the short term, help us to lose weight but in the long term, the body ends up storing the excess as fat, which means we put on weight. Excess fat is definitely not the desired outcome for a diet where we have to endure fatigue, headaches and bad breath.Here are some nutritionist courses here.Our hair is made up of complete protein. (Source:  Pete Bellis on Unsplash)Less well known is that even athletes generally obtain enough protein from their daily intake of protein so the idea that we need more protein for muscle growth is, although controversial to say, a bit of a myth.If weight gain was not bad enough, long periods of high protein diets can also damage our kidneys especially those who already suffer from kidney disease. This damage is due to the surplus of nitrogen found in the amino acids mentioned earlier.Foods High in ProteinOk, now we understand what protein is and why we need it, let’s breakdown protein-rich food in all its forms.Meat is the obvious and most well-known source of protein but it is also a good source of saturated fat, cholesterol and salt. There has been a huge shift in the last three years to plant-based diets that contain good sources of protein without the nasty bits.There is an argument that animal protein is better for us because, most of the time, it contains all the amino acids the body needs in one go (complete protein), yet these can all be found in various plant-based foods or all at once in foods such as quinoa and buckwheat, which are high-quality protein sources.Tradition, taste and convenience are often the three biggest reasons why a lot of us cannot imagine giving up meat but there are so many great reasons to go plant-based. It is something we all need to consider but it is also important to do your own research about health and nutrition as well as looking into the many other factors connected with eating meat today.By ditching meat, we automatically become more adventurous with food, experimenting and trying new foods we would have never considered before. Meat has become so convenient and satisfying due to its high fat content that it is easy to forget the wide variety of other, more sustainable and nutri tious foods available to us.There are varieties of cuisines that have so many naturally plant-based, protein sources, especially Indian, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean foods.High Protein MealsWhen it comes to high protein foods, especially plant protein, it is sometimes hard to think of quick recipes that we can enjoy on a regular basis without adding meat or fish.There are plenty of alternative ‘meat’ and ‘fish’ options out there and more and more supermarkets are stocking these types of products. However, high protein meals do not have to include meat substitutes. Despite these alternatives free from cholesterol and containing less saturated fat compared with meat, these products are still processed, which means they can be high in sugar, salt and oil.Placing protein-rich vegetables at the heart of meals and adding rice, beans and pulses, quinoa or buckwheat with lots of different herbs and spices, for example, can make meals both delicious and healthy. It is also easy t o add more protein to a meal by sprinkling chia or pumpkin seeds before serving.There are also soy products including tofu that is high in protein and easy to cook; it soaks up the flavour of any dish and a great substitute for meat on a vegetarian diet or vegan diet.Meet a good nutritionist near me here.Beans are a great, healthy source of protein. (Source:  Monkgogi Samson on Unsplash)Understanding protein as a nutrient and knowing the best sources can help us to detach ourselves from meat consumption, which, in turn, takes away the risk of high cholesterol, leading to serious health problems. Knowledge is key. It is also about adapting to new eating habits and dropping habits that we have obtained over a lifetime; the transition is not always easy.If this is the case, start small and break one habit at a time. Understand your likes and dislikes when introducing new foods and alter them accordingly. What is right for one person, may not be right for another.Make an effort to visit plant-based stores and restaurants and put new flavours and recipes to the test. Find out if one type of cuisine is preferred over another or if one protein substitute for meat has a better taste than the previous. It is not a race to transition to plant-based protein but making those little steps in the right direction can make all the difference.Some can make the switch straight away, others need time to find out what available to them and what will satisfy their taste buds. Whichever category you fall under, understanding your body and general health when it comes to consuming protein is vital. Staying healthy is the most important part.And, don’t forget, there is plenty of guidance out there. Doctors and nutritionists can be a great starting point if professional advice is something that can help drive the transition.Using Superprof for lessons on health or related subjects can also provide great support for learning about nutrition. There are plenty of tutors available in th is subject and searching for the right one in the right area has never been easier.Find out about the five food groups:CarbohydratesProteinFatsFruit and VegetablesDairy